Tuesday, November 18, 2025

LOVE NOTES TO FILIPINO WRITERS & ARTISTS--Issue 20

 This Feature presents readers sharing some love about the talent of Filipino writers and artists. We welcome your participation. This section is for readers. You don't have to write "like a professional," "like a critic," "like an intellectual," "like a well-rounded reader," etc. Just write honestly about how you were moved. Live writers and artists (let alone the dead) don't get to hear enough from others who engage with their works (some may not even know all who comprise their audience). To know someone read their stories and poems or appreciated their artistry is to receive a gift. Just share from your heart. It will be more than enough. DEADLINE: May 15, 2026 for Issue #21. Duplications of authors/artists and more than one testimonial are fine.


Mangozine's Issue #20 Presents

 

Rachielle Sheffler on The Talusan Sisters: Grace, Liza, and Mary

Eileen Tabios on Elmer Omar Bascos Pizo

Ava Avila on F.H. Batacan

Eileen Tabios on Elaine Castillo

Angelo V. Suarez on Ned Parfan

Eileen Tabios on Joel Vega



Rachielle Sheffler on The Talusan Sisters: Grace, Liza, and Mary





I met the Talusan sisters on separate occasions.

 

First, I picked up a copy of The Body Papers by Grace Talusan because I was intrigued by the publisher’s name, Restless Books. Then, emblazoned on the cover was “Winner of the Prize for New Immigrant Writing.” The book was a haunting account of being undocumented in America, experiencing abuse, and anticipating cancer. It was fraught with difficulty within family relationships, yet I cannot help but admire the triumph of the human spirit. After reading the book, I reached out to Grace Talusan, and she responded with incredible generosity, answering my questions during a one-on-one Zoom call. I was curious about writing family stories, and she suggested a few tools, such as StoryCorps, which I used to conduct interviews with relatives for my family history project. 

 

I continue to see Grace during the Boston Filipino American Book Club (BFAB) meetings, where we discuss books written by writers of Filipino descent. In February 2023, we selected Liza Talusan’s "The Identity Conscious Educator." I read passages to my husband and daughter, both teachers, who agreed that each school should have a copy of this magnificent work. Teachers need to see their students as individuals, not blank templates to be treated the same way.


I had the good fortune to meet the third sister, Mary Talusan, in person at the Liwanag Lit Fest in Long Beach, CA, during Filipino American History Month 2025. Mary discussed her book, Filipinos of Greater Boston, along with other writers who published their community histories through Arcadia Books. Mary also wrote "Instruments of Empire," where she leveraged her expertise as an ethnomusicologist to examine the intricate history of music and colonialism.

 

I asked Mary how it was being a family of writers.

 

“It’s been amazing, since we do different styles of writing,” she answered. She recalled an event at the Ayala Museum in the Philippines, where they all gathered on one stage.

 

I could imagine how proud their mother must be!


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Eileen Tabios on Elmer Omar Bascos Pizo


As a poet, I once created a slogan: “Poetry as a Way of Life.” I used to sign my books with the phrase and occasionally still do. I thought of this slogan when I read Elmer Omar Bascos Pizo’s contribution to the anthology How I Became a Writer (HIBAW) edited by Cecilia Manguerra Brainard (Vibal Foundation, 2025). In one of the most powerful accounts in this anthology, Elmer described a challenging life involving coming from a poor farming family, being abused by family members and as an overseas worker in Saudi Arabia where he also suffered prison torture, and then a bus accident that temporarily took away his short-term memory. As a result, he took to writing as therapy; poems versus longer prose was his choice as the latter could not accommodate the frail attention span caused by his injuries. Elmer also wanted to write to dispute others’ criticisms of him as a failure. He had the good fortune to meet the poets Marie Hara, Eric Chock, Juliet Kono and Christy Passion whose Bamboo Ridge (BR) community supported his literary efforts. BR eventually published his poems in its journal and in their anthologies before releasing a single-author poetry collection, Leaving Our Shadows Behind. He details this story through the only poem contributed to HIBAW. The poem ends with how, with his poetry collection,

 

… the Hawai’i Literary Arts 

Council awarded to

 

me the Elliot Cades Literary Award

for the Established Author Category.

This award is

 

Considered the most prestigious

Literary Award in Hawai’i.


It’s an astounding life and literary history that, to me, offers a powerful manifestation of  “Poetry as a Way of Life.” I am so moved by Elmer’s history and thank him for sharing his life and poems with us all.

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Ava Avila on F.H. Batacan



In the Filipino psyche, the phrase "accidents happen" is layered. It's not just a casual way to brush off mistakes and misfortunes. Within the context of Filipino culture, it reflects deeper social attitudes shaped by history, faith, and survival.  In FH Bataan's Accidents Happen, the title itself plays on tis tension: are these accidents truly accidental? Or are they symptoms of deeper, ignored violence in society?


Since reading Smaller and Smaller Circles, I have been yearning for more F.H. Batacan. Bataan's writing is both evocative and sharp, capturing the nuances of Filipino society while creating universally resonant tales. Her ability to blend elements of crime, horror and speculative fiction showcases her versatility and depth as a storyteller. Accidents Happen is a compelling read that offers both suspense and social commentary. Each of the 11 stories not only entertain but also provoke reflection on the pervasive issues of injustice and inequality. It does not have a single unremarkable moment. In Bataan's world, violence lurks in every aspect, even in something harmless as a No. 1 pencil.


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Eileen Tabios on Elaine Castillo



My slogan as a poet is “Poetry As A Way of Life,” by which I mean that to be a poet is not just writing poems but living life in a different—presumably better—way than how one might live if one weren’t a poet. I was reminded of my slogan, my constant reminder to myself, when I read Elaine Castillo’s How to Read NOW. Prior to opening her book, I hadn’t realized that Castillo had intended something larger than reading books—she’s really talking about how to view our world or our life/lives NOW, which is to say, “how to dismantle the forms of interpretation we’ve inherited; how those ways of interpreting are everywhere and unseen.”

While reading Castillo’s book, I also was writing another contribution to my local newspaper where I write a poetry column. In that column, I discuss how Wikipedia described the years that Robert Louis Stevenson had spent in Samoa. Samoa caused “a political awakening” in the author of Treasure Island, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped, among others. At the time, Samoa was beset by the colonial powers of Britain, Germany and the U.S. In my column, I wrote in part:

What grabbed my attention and stuck in my memory was Wikipedia’s description of Stevenson’s concern for the Samoans, specifically what Stevenson “perceived as the Samoans’ economic innocence—their failure to secure their claim to proprietorship of the land through improving management and labour.” Just months before his 1894 death, Stevenson had addressed the island chiefs:

“There is but one way to defend Samoa... It is to make roads, and gardens, and care for your trees, and sell their produce wisely, and, in one word, to occupy and use your country... if you do not occupy and use your country, others will. It will not continue to be yours or your children's, if you occupy it for nothing. You and your children will, in that case, be cast out into outer darkness."        

In the above excerpt, I italicize the words “occupy” for emphasis; that is the word that makes it difficult for me to forget Wikipedia’s feature on Stevenson. For when I think of the word “occupy,” I usually associate it with invaders and colonizers (and, yes, settlers) coming to occupy a land that was not previously theirs. In Stevenson’s and Samoa’s case, the matter is of an indigenous people occupy-ing land where they already reside.

Stevenson’s thoughts were based on the “Lockean” sense of property. The philosopher John Locke developed a “labour theory of property” through which ownership of property is created by the application of labor. As implied by Wikipedia’s description, the Samoans’ failure to adequately apply their labor and management on their lands would make logical the result five years after Stevenson’s death of Germany and the U.S. partitioning the Samoan Islands (Britain gave up its rights there by concentrating on Africa).

Wikipedia’s write-up seemingly creates a cause-and-effect on how Samoans didn’t manage their lands in the Lockean manner with the subsequent actions by Britain, Germany and the U.S. But it's not clear whether the Lockean sense of property comports with Samoan indigenous values. Indigenous culture usually considers nature as not something ("other") to occupy and be “used.” 

These three “great powers” likely would have done what they did regardless of Samoans’ actions; colonizers are rarely that influenced by who/what they’re colonizing as they move to control others’ resources, in this case Samoa’s copra and cocoa bean processing as well as harbor rights.

Wikipedia is a poor example to use for proving my—and Castillo’s—point because its entries are often incomplete if not flawed. But its entries surely can’t be worse than any of the so-called “fake news” that are believed by the unchallenging (pun intended) reader. In How to read NOW, Castillo counsels, albeit in different contexts than what I’m raising here, for challenging contexts and/or conclusions that come one's way, particularly since adjustments need not be radical to make a sizeable change (e.g. how Linda Ty-Casper titles her memoir Lives Remembered instead of Remembered Lives or how the Anonymous Chocolatier in the Netflix series “Romantics Anonymous” doesn’t change the individual recipes for wasabi or chocolate but simply reverses the placement of the ingredients in a combined truffle to come up with a yummy bit of heaven).

I not only love but adore How to read NOW for highlighting the importance of thinking for one’s self instead of relying on received perceived-wisdom—that improved way of living that I associate with poetry and Castillo with, ultimately, ethics.


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Angelo V. Suarez on Ned Parfan


For various reasons, my favorite from Ned Parfan’s Beloved Antimatter is easily the suite “Shadowboxing in Polyester” — with all first lines culled from Lourd de Veyra’s Shadowboxing in Headphones and last lines from Ophelia Alcantara-Dimalanta’s Lady Polyester. There’s an odd musical lineage that runs from Dimalanta to De Veyra that gets pointed out often but much less frequently appreciated, and it’s fantastic seeing them juxtaposed at opposite ends. Ned’s own lines embody the continuity of this lineage — whether or not we should describe this musicality “Thomasian” we will leave to literary history — but there really is much to be said about how deeply and widely Dimalanta’s influence goes across generations, in ways Dimalanta herself may or may not approve of.





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Eileen Tabios on Joel Vega


Joel Vega is an artist-poet-curator who has crafted one of the best ekphrasis poems I've read. Ekphrasis refers to art created inspired by art in another medium, in this case, a poem inspired by a photograph. The title/phrase "loaves of stone" is a marvelous line, and the poem resonates to be, as they say, a "keeper." Here is the poem that also is published in Rattle:







Introduction to THE NATURE OF OUR TIMES edited by LUISA A. IGLORIA, AILEEN CASSINETTO and DAVID HASSLER

Luisa A. Igloria presents the Co-Editor’s Introduction to


The Nature of Our Times: Poems on America's Lands, Waters, Wildlife, and Other Natural Wonders, edited by Luisa A. Igloria, Aileen Cassinetto and David Hassler 

A Poets for Science anthology and companion to the first national assessment
of U.S. lands, waters, and wildlife


(Paloma Press / Poets for Science / United by Nature / Wick Poetry Center at Kent State University, 2025)

BOOK LINK 


In April 2022, the very first ever U.S. National Nature Assessment (NNA1) was established under the Biden administration, and Dr. Phil Levin (Professor of Practice in Environmental and Forest Sciences and Lead Scientist at The Nature Conservancy in Washington state) was appointed NNA1 Director. The current administration terminated the NNA1 in January 2025 just weeks before publication of its initial findings. Dr. Levin is now the Director of United by Nature, a collaborative effort to understand how nature shapes our lives and how we can shape nature’s future. Its goal  is the same as the erstwhile NNA’s: in the assessment of U.S. lands, waters, and wildlife, to provide a means for scientists and policymakers to anticipate change and better manage our natural ecosystems in the years ahead. It is an invitation to ecologists, biologists, other members of science communities, as well as “any member of the public ... of any age, culture, background, level of information, or career stage” and “interested organizations, such as Tribal Nations or Indigenous Peoples ... [to provide] local knowledge and lived experience; and technical, legal, and scientific content or research from any discipline.” 1 


Under the forms of engagement to inform a use-inspired assessment, the NNA1 had listed town hall meetings, public community conversations and workshops, and calls for stories or art— an important recognition that ordinary voices are as relevant as data science in considering the most crucial and ongoing threats to our ecosystems. This idea appealed to my co-editors and I as we conceptualized our anthology; it appeals to me as an immigrant, writer-creative, educator, grandmother, and ordinary citizen concerned about what we on the ground could still collectively do in response to the imminent environmental crises of our time. A note on the anthology sections: “Nature & Well-Being: Self & Community,” “Nature & Heritage,” “Nature, Risk, and Change,” and “Now and in the Future: Bright Spots” were all directly inspired by some of the target topics for chapters of the NNA1. We believe that these frameworks also best described the kinds of considerations we found in more than 1,300 responses to our call for submissions, 209 of which we selected for inclusion in this print anthology. 


A recent article from Atmos emphasizes how the language we use to talk about something influences the nature of actions we come up with: “How we talk about the climate crisis matters... [and c]limate language often influences us through metaphors ... because metaphors help scaffold our understanding of a concept, and act as a mirror that reflects our sense of responsibility.”  2

Some new words have been introduced into our climate vocabulary, like weatherbomb (a sudden explosive storm), heat dome (high temperatures mounding in one area), or solastalgia (a longing for a home that still exists but is rapidly changing before our eyes). Heidi Quante and Alicia Escott, through their interdisciplinary project called The Bureau of Linguistical Reality, offer workshops in “collective wordsmithing” that encourage participants not only to co-create language that better reflects experiences they are struggling to give words to, but also allow for the possibility of other outlooks besides fear and hopelessness. For instance, they offer the new word serenteletonic, which contains “the idea that a remarkable chain of events created the present moment and that many possible futures remain, each one dependent on the decisions we make today.” 3   


I grew up and spent my formative years in Baguio City, in the northern cordillera of the Philippines, up until my thirties when I left for my doctoral program in Chicago. The once densely forested hills and mineral-rich terrain of Baguio had been turned into a colonial hill station in the early 1900s for the American government (with the consequent divestment of lands from indigenous communities)— and so I have always been aware of how the naming or re-naming of place signifies not just the application of particular conventions, but profound shifts in worldview.  

 

For as much as current understandings of “place” might relate to ideas of ownership and possession; conquest, borders, and regulations, nature itself is always reminding us of the uncontainability of its nature.  These lines come from “Optimism,” a Jane Hirshfield poem I’ve always loved: “... the sinuous/ tenacity of a tree: finding the light newly blocked on one side,/ it turns in another.” 4  We want to believe there is still something more we can turn to besides despair, or the malaise felt by those who live like me in the diaspora— that feeling of being neither here nor there, of being unable to identify solid terra firma beyond nostalgia while simultaneously being bombarded with late 21st century consumerist messages of freedom and limitless possibility.  

 

Across cultures, there has always been an abundance of stories about the creation of the world. Out of “nothing” or near-nothing (which again could simply mean a state for which there were then no words yet), taxonomies arose— islands, waters and their tributaries; mountains and plains; forests and farmlands; creatures feathered, finned, and human-skinned. Their very names, catalogued, are a marvel of language. Here is Richard Jones: “Plain-capped Starthroat, Black-shouldered Kite,/ 
Black-crowned Night-Heron, Olive-sided Flycatcher” and here is Nancy Huggett: “... Bristlecone,/ panania, red wood, chestnut,// black ash, whitebark pine.”  Even as the ozone layer may be disintegrating, the stories we want to tell aren’t just narratives of banishment or exile from an Eden, or of some divine rule of stewardship broken because of self-gratification or curiosity. While it’s true that “The unattainable visits our day/ to suggest we cannot possess it, cannot/ stay” (Barbara Sabol), we can witness “Stones/ slip[ping] on their slow moss sweaters” (Traci Brimhall). 

 

There is no lack of sorrow and painful deprivation in times of human- and other natural-caused disruption: “We know how it feels/ to be pulled up by the roots” (Cassandra Bousquet). But there are also many stories of fortitude and collective survival, audacity and hope-informed action— “you observe quietly this new power you have/ to change the course of history with a small gesture” (Jason Harris). There is destruction, and there is also the will to repair: “the sea is a sheet of glass that breaks/ to pieces, breaks to pieces—wounds that suture/ themselves, working as fast as they can” (Erin L. McCoy). David Hassler writes: “I pledge allegiance to resilience and resistance/ to our blind, tenacious spirit, ever adapting;” and we cheer with Charles Finn who discloses “My Vote for the Secretary of Energy goes to the Sun./ My vote for Secretary of Education to the Milky Way.”  


I want to believe that even in the rubble and on the brink of the seemingly irreversible edge of climate midnight, we might find joy again— as well as refuge, hope, and sustenance. If geology and other earth sciences do not just  map the earth but also materially and politically transform it,5  then perhaps the language of poetry is one of the ways for mapping a different possibility for the future. Noa Kizhnerman writes, “If reaching new worlds means reaching/ the end of ours, I’m content staying here,/ where light/ gives way/ to light.” Thus, we are grateful to all the poets who so generously shared their words and light with us. Emily Knight writes, “I don’t let go. What if you wanted/ a love so much you would take its poison/ on your own tongue”? And so, I am grateful to my co-editors Aileen Cassinetto and David Hassler; the Wick Poetry Center and Poets for Science; and Alex Catanese, principal designer at each+every, for their belief in that kind of love, which also resides in poems.

 

___

1 “Framing the National Nature Assessment,” Science and Technology Policy Office, 31 October 2022

2 Becca Warner, “Can Better Words Lead to Better Climate Action?” Atmos, 24 July 2025

3 Ibid.

4 Jane Hirshfield, “Optimism,” Each Happiness Ringed by Lions, Bloodaxe Books, 2005

5 Kathryn Yusoff, A Billion Black Anthropocenes or None, University of Minnesota Press, 2018

 


*****

During her appointed term as 20th Poet Laureate of the Commonwealth of Virginia (2020-22), Emerita, the Academy of American Poets awarded Luisa A. Igloria one of twenty-three Poet Laureate Fellowships in 2021 to support a program of public poetry projects. Luisa is the author of Caulbearer (Immigrant Writing Series Prize, Black Lawrence Press, 2024), Maps for Migrants and Ghosts (Co-Winner, 2019 Crab Orchard Open Poetry Prize, Southern Illinois University Press, 2020), The Buddha Wonders if She is Having a Mid-Life Crisis(Phoenicia Publishing, Montreal, 2018), and 11 other books; in 2015, she was the inaugural winner of the Resurgence Prize (UK), the world's first major award for ecopoetry. She is lead editor, along with Aileen Cassinetto and David Hassler, of The Nature of Our Times: Poems on America’s Lands, Waters, Wildlife, and Other Natural Wonders (Paloma Press, 2025); and with Aileen Cassinetto and Jeremy S. Hoffman, for Dear Human at the Edge of Time: Poems on Climate Change in the U.S. She is a Louis I. Jaffe Professor of English and Creative Writing in the MFA Program at Old Dominion University, and also leads workshops for and is a member of the board of The Muse Writers Center in Norfolk. 

 

 www.luisaigloria.com      https://linktr.ee/thepoetslizard

 


  

Preface to RECOGNIZING APOLINARIO MABINI: Inquiries into the Struggle for Justice and Sovereignty by E. SAN JUAN, JR.

E. San Juan, Jr. presents the Preface to

 


RECOGNIZING APOLINARIO MABINI: Inquiries into the Struggle for Justice and Sovereignty by E. San Juan, Jr.

(University of the Philippines Press, 2024)


BOOK LINK 

PREFACE

 

Surprises, chance happenings, contingencies, gratuitous twists of events characterize our lived experience of the return of the Marcos dynasty to power. The 1986 February revolution overthrew the Marcos dictatorship and re-installed the old elite “cacique democracy” (Anderson) with the blessings of the Reagan administration. When Ferdinand Marcos Jr, who became president in 2022, presided over the return of U.S. military bases, now loaded with Tomahawk missiles, are we mesmerized by a “deja vu” scene? Was the island-nation ever truly free from colonial bondage to the United States, with the pervasive and durable Americanization of its economy, government, culture, psyche, etc.? Witness, for example, how the Clark Field Freeport Zone is buiding a new stadium big enough to accomodate the American pop superstar Taylor Swift (Kelly). Regular visits to Washington by Filipino presidents and oligarchs enact a perennial ritual of homage to reaffirm acquiescence to the Empire’s hegemony

 

One Filipino commentator opined that after 125 years of nominal independence, the U.S has repossessed its delinquent property (Bello). But in reality, after the U.S. destroyed the first Republic in the Philippine-American War (1899-1913) and its sovereignty, the country has remained a colony and, after its nominal independence in 1946, a full-fledged neocolony. Historical amnesia has overtaken otherwise astute scholars of neocolonialism. But not Daniel Schirmer, for example, whose incisive recounting of “The Conception and Gestation of a Neocolony” analyzes the fraud of McKinley’s “Benevolent Assimilation” via bloody pacification, “an orgy of racist slaughter” (Kolko 287). Schirmer states that the war the U.S. precipitated, “a war of unremitting harshness and brutality robbed the Filipino people of the beginnings of national sovereignty that they had just won for themselves, but this is not the perception of events that has lingered in the popular consciousness… What remains in the public memory is the official U.S. version of the origins of the U.S.-Philippine relations, namely, that the United States came to the Philippines on mission of benevolence and generosity,” to teach the “savage Filipinos” democracy and self government (38).

 

Rudyard Kipling celebrated the beginning of American conquest in his often anthologized poem, “The White Man’s Burden” written at the outbreak of the U.S. aggression. This fabled burden unleashed unbearable pain and sacrifices for its intended beneficiaries. The result of this tutelage and its aftermath is summed up by Jack Woddis (38-40): the Philippines acquired the classic status of a neocolony, not postcolony. Further sociocultural symptoms of victimhood and resistance are analyzed in Chapters 2-7, including the impact of neoliberal globalization on the Duterte regime and the prospect of transcending it by continuing the “unfinished revolution” of 1896-1898.

 

A snapshot of Anglo-Saxon tutelage is rendered by Filipina novelist Gina Apostol: “American greed and geopolitics entrenched Philippine oligarchy as a matter of policy because it strengthened U.S. control. Taking on a feudal template laid down by the Spanish, a few powerful families prospered in the U.S. neocolonial orbit, consolidating land, resources and power throughout the Cold War and into the current era of China’s global ascendancy…As U.S. leaders waltzed with Mr. Marcos Sr., he imposed martial law from 1972 to 1981…The tyrant thrived during the Cold War, using his U.S. funded counterinsurgency campaign—which targeted communists—to consolidate power. He imprisoned, tortured or killed thousands and stole an estimated $5 billion to $10 billion until a people’s uprising in 1986 exiled him and his family to Hawaii.” The immense disaster and damage to the country imposed by the Marcos martial-law regime has been fully assessed by IBON, Conspectus Foundation, etc. (Javate-De Dios, Daroy and Kalaw-Tirol) In Hawaii, Marcos found the vestiges of the Filipino diaspora—Filipino workers recruited to the Hawaii sugar plantations in the early decades of U.S. colonial rule. Retired Ilocano workers of Bulosan’s generation must have been surprised to find their illustrious Manong in their neighborhood.

 

Not only in Hawaii but all over the United States, Filipinos migrated, worked, and tried to heal the wounds of deracination during the decades before World War II. We were not yet renowned as “global servants.” It was Marcos’ labor-export policy initiated 

by the Presidential Decree 442 and the 1974 Labor Code that started the exodus of OFWs (Overseas Filipino Workers). It was systematized in 1982 with the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration which encouraged thousands of Filipinos to seek work abroad for lack of decent employment at home (Catholic Institute). We now confront a diaspora of over 12 million OFWs with their unique problems, coping strategies, and collective biographies that I try to describe in Chapter 2, a follow-up to previous inventories of this globalizing trend with its diasporic entailment (San Juan 21-36). While there may be success stories in this overseas adventures (see DeParle), the preponderant experience is one of injury, rape, suicide, and murder. The most famous are the cases of Flor Contemplacion and Sarah Balabagan. 

 

The last two chapters here following a discourse on the vicissitudes of women political prisoners attempt to reconcile the contradictions and hypothesize a constructive dialectic of opposites. The autobiographical mapping of the last chapter can be construed as an allegorical extrapolation of one individual’s experience as a narrative of the plight of the larger community. It is part of a project of prophesying what possible transformations may come about due to these movements, affective and cognitive, that have made the “Pearl of the Orient Seas” the crossroads of diverse pilgrimages and adventures that have shaped our life-histories.

 

Numerous historical accounts of the war have already exposed the racist/white supremacist ideology underwriting the Yankee mission civilizatrice. The only Filipino intellectual-protagonist of the revolution who perceived and understood this ideology was Apolinario Mabini. Mabini also laid the groundwork for theorizing the emergent historical consciousness of the subaltern communities that would sustain future mass struggles for justice and sovereignty, Mabini’s political vision is crystalized in his “True Decalogue” of which I reproduce the last section, a proposal that may trigger moral or ethical reverberations in our more vigilant compatriots: 

 

Tenth. Always look on your countryman as more than a neighbor: you will find in him a friend, a brother and at least the companion to whom you are tied by only one destiny, by the same happiness and sorrows, and by the same aspirations and interests.

 

Because of this, while the borders of the nations established and preserved by the egoism of race and of family remain standing, you must remain united to your country in perfect solidarity of views and interests in order to gain strength, not only to combat the common enemy, but also to achieve alll the objectives of human life (La Revolucion 141; see another rendering by Ocampo, Ambeth 85).

 

The chapter on Mabini here is intended to be heuristic and provocative. It is designed to initiate further inquiry into the complex conjuncture of the war which allowed the oligarchic ilustrados to win ascendancy during the American colonial period up to the Cold War counterinsurgency begun by Ramon Magsaysay and carried out through the regimes of Marcos Sr, Aquino, Ramos, Arroyo, Duterte, and Marcos Jr. With the institutionalization of the U.S. War on terror via the NTF-ELCAC (National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict) and various anti-terrorism laws and coercive agencies, any opposition is stigmatized as “terrorist.”

 

The 2020 Anti-Terror Act annuls the Constitutional guarantee of free speech and assembly, serving as a legal weapon to sanction any authoritarian or fascist moves of the neocolonial State. Any expression of dissent is red-tagged and labeled a terrorist act (Ocampo; Bulatlat). In this way, the U.S. is guaranteed total surveillance and control of the polity without exposing the operatives or handlers such as those named by Raymond Bonner in his Waltzing with a Dictator: The Marcoses and the Making.of American Policy (1987). Marcos Jr.’s electoral victory in May 2022 recycles the old practices of vote-buying, red-tagging, and deadly violence inherited from U.S. tutelage in subverting popular needs and demands (International Observers Mission).

 

Concerning the forgotten Philippine-American War, we have many references to consult. One can cite the commentaries of Gabriell Kolko, Howard Zinn, Stuart Creighton Miller, and Roger Bresnahan as ripostes to the apologetics of Stanley Karnow, David Joel Steinberg, Theodore Friend, and others. The most powerful advocate for recovering our critical judgment of the Philippine-American War is Renato Constantino. In “Origin of a Myth” in his book Dissent and Counter-consciousness, as well as in the collection of essays, History: Myths and Reality, Constantino argued for a renewal of the historical consciousness that Mabini inaugurated in La Revolucion Filipina (see a new inquiry into the U.S. genocidal war on the Moros by Kim Wagner). Constantino’s call has been heeded by Filipinos whose conscience has been stirred, such as Alejandro Lichauco, Jose Maria Sison, Julieta de Lima, Bienvenido Lumbera, and others. Lichauco’s discourse on U.S. neocolonialism in the Philippines remains the standard anaysis and critique of U.S. strategy and tactics for preserving it dominance—not only through treaties and secret agreements but through the World Bank-IMF and its local free-market, neoliberal exponents. In effect, U.S. hegemony results from the calculated deployment of both ideological manipulation and brute coercion. These twin evils may explain the persistence of widespread human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law documented recently by the 2024 International People’s Tribunal hearings in Brussels, Belgium, published in their website.

 

With the decline of its industrial supremacy in the last two decades, the U.S. has

begun to reclaim the IndoPacific region as its backyard (Foster and Clark). Recall that

the colony was originally meant to serve as a naval/military zoutpost in Asia. Seven

decades of postWW2 security partnership beginning with the 1951 Mutual Defense

Treaty between the two governments are alleged to legitimize the new “interoperability”

of both military forces. We can also cite the presence of CIA and Pentagon advisers

(such as Col, Edward Lansdale, notorious for the Phoenix program in Vietnam) with the

Joint U.S. Military Advisory Group that oversees the AFP (Armed Forces of the

Philippines) up to the 2017 Marawi City devastation (Capozzola 220-26, 367).. Are we

witnessing a postmodern version of “Benevolent Assimilation” in the U.S. “Pacific

Century”?

 

With Obama’s “pivot to Asia” and the rise of China as an economic power, the U.S. began in 2014-16 to expand its military bases in Palawan, Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Cebu and.Cagayan de Oro (Acosta; Kelly). In February 1, 2024, thanks to EDCA (Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement), four new sites were established in Cagayan, Isabela, Balabac Island in Palawan, and Lal-lo Airport in Cagayan (Vergun). Joint US-Philippines military exercises have now been conducted beyond the 12 nautical miles of the Philippines’ territorial waters, in parts of the open sea claimed by China; thus, “for the US forces which have been retooling to prepare for a maritime war against China in the Indo-Pacific, ‘the access if phenomenal,’ said a U.S. military official” (Cabato and Tan).

 

Confronted by this new geopolitical dispute, the Fiipino people are confronted with the challenge of siding with one power against the other, either for the neocolonizer or the neighbor. Political scientist Francisco Nemenzo points out that “both protagonists are using us for their own ends….The best option is to work with our Asian partners to negotiate a binding version of the Declaration of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea….What is wrong with holding bilateral talks?” A long time ago, Felipe Agoncillo was sent by the Malolos Republic to hold talks with Spain and the United States before they signed the 1898 Treaty of Paris in which Spain sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million (Tan 19). But he was not heard, so would bilateral talks be the wedge to prevent antagonism between our neighbor and the obsolescent global hegemon?

 

Let us hear our compatriots at the barricades. The progressive organization BAYAN has denounced the re-possession or re-acquisition of their Oceanic property: “The massive deployment of US military personnel and assets…is meant to provoke China into engaging the US in intensified military conflict similar to how the US provoked Russia into a war by expandiing NATO into Ukraine, US military aid meanwhile is used in a US-inspired counter-isurgency program inplemented by various Philippine puppet presidents resulting in grievous violations of human rights and international humanitarian law…We oppose China’s aggressive actions and illegal claims over 90% of the South China Sea. Nonetheless, we object to the US using our legitimate dispute with China as pretext for greater US military intervention in the region, pushing the Philippines away from a peaceful resolution of the dispute through diplomatic means, and closer to armed confrontation which serves US imperialist goals in the region. Then and especially now, the US is the main driver of conflict in the region….We stand in solidarity with the peoples of the world fighting the US war machine, from Palestine to the Philippines. We hail all our heroes who have fought for genuine independence from colonialism, from the revolutionaries of the Katipunan to the freedom-fighters of the present struggle.”

 

Apolinario Mabini, deported to the barren island of Guam, would have been exultant hearing this manifesto. Meanwhile, in Tithu, Spratley Islands, in the contested South China Sea, in roughly 90 acres of land, a few hundred Filipinos have settled surrounded by Chinese war ships. They receive periodic rations of food and other supplies since there is no other way to survive, The family of Marjorie Ganizo and Junie Antonio Ganizo and their eight children are caught “in the middle of a tense geopolitical dispute” (Elemia 1). Though they left the cities, they are far removed from the fortuitous situation of the Portagana clan described by DeParle in A Good Provider Is One Who Leaves.

 

Despite the proverbial resilience of Filipinos and their indigenous diskarte maneuvers, the Tithu islanders may approximate Mabini’s punishment in Guam. It is not idyllic at all, but Ms. Ganizo replies to the New York Times reporter: “In the end, we had to ask ourselves; hunger or fear?…No matter where you are, if it’s your time to die, it’s your time to die.” For his part, Mr. Larry Hugo, the fishermen’s group leader in Tithu Island, seemed resigned to the uncertain pace of life: “This is my home…I’ll leave this island only when I’m dead” (Elemia 6A),. Hugo’s love of this tiny piece of land in the embattled West Philippine Sea, however precarious and desperate, reminds us of Mabini’s commitment to his country’s history of fighting for freedom and its vast potential for advancing people’s liberation everywhere even in the midst of defeat. The essays in this book may be considered as an exploration of what the struggling masses have achieved so far in various fields, following Mabini’s advice in “The True Decalogue” to “strive for the independence of your country, because you alone can have real interest in her aggrandizement and ennoblement, since her independence will mean your own freedom, her aggrandizement your own perfection and her ennoblement your own glory and immortality” (La Revolucion 140).

 

 

______________

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*****

Epifanio San Juan Jr., also known as E. San Juan Jr. (born December 29, 1938, in Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines), is a known Filipino American literary academic, Tagalog writer, Filipino poet, civic intellectual, activist, writer, essayist, video/film maker, editor, and poet whose works related to the Filipino Diaspora in English and Filipino writings have been translated into German, Russian, French, Italian, and Chinese. As an author of books on race and cultural studies, he was a "major influence on the academic world". He was the director of the Philippines Cultural Studies Center in Storrs, Connecticut in the United States. In 1999, San Juan received the Centennial Award for Achievement in Literature from the Cultural Center of the Philippines because of his contributions to Filipino and Filipino American Studies. More information HERE.